Project overview statement 

Both children and adults suffer from chronic pain. This project is to inform you of the most up to date and best practices to treat the population of chronic pain due to its vast difference from acute pain.

Objectives

After participating in the nursing education, the learner will be able to list risk factors for developing chronic pain.

After participating in the nursing education, the learner will be able to identify populations at risk for chronic pain.

After participating in the nursing education, the learner will be able to carry out interventions for treatment of chronic pain.

The basics of chronic pain 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Who is at risk for developing chronic pain?

  • Anyone who had suffered an Injury. This is known as a biological risk factor.
  • Anyone who is under pressure and social stress. This is known as a social risk factor. Examples of where this stress takes place includes the workplace, home life, and social life. 
  • Anyone who is experiencing life stressors. This is known as a psychological risk factor. Pain that is exacerbated life stressors- Psychological stress factor
  • Anyone who experiences an interruption in the processing of pain between body and the brain.

Chronic pain in the pediatric population

 

 

 

 

 

How can diet improve chronic pain? 

  • According to a systematic review conducted in the USA by Frediani et al., this study demonstrates the effect of certain supplements and diet reccomendations for 3 types of chronic pain including diabetic peripheral neuropathy, chemotherapy induced neuropathy, complex regional pain syndrome. Here is what the study results yielded: 
  • The purpose of the following study was to discover how diet, vitamins, and supplements affect pain management in adults who suffer from chronic pain. 
  • In regard to diabetic peripheral neuropathy, vitamins B12, vitamin E, and vitamin D are helpful in managing chronic pain. Diet reccomendations include a broad spectrum low-fat and plant-based foods (Frediani et al., 2023). 
  • For chemotherapy induced neuropathy vitamin E, vitamin B12, glutamine, carnitine, magnesium, calcium, and antioxidants should be contained within foods and supplemented as needed (Frediani et al., 2023). 
  • Concerning complex regional pain syndrome vitamin C was helpful to study participants (Frediani et al., 2023). 
  • Additionally, other miscellaneous types of chronic pain not categorized were supplemented with St. John’s Wort and magnesium (Frediani et al., 2023). 
  • The conclusion suggests that alpha-lipoic acid, acetyl- l- carnitine, and vitamin D are beneficial in the treatment of chronic pain while other supplements had varying evidence (Frediani et al., 2023).

     

     

     

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Improving sleep with chronic pain

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Management of depression

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Can the internet help with chronic pain? 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Manual therapies and alternative medicine treatment 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Implementation- Example Nursing Care Plans

References

Birkinshaw, H., Friedrich, C., Cole, P., Eccleston, C., Serfaty, M., Stewart, G.,White, S., Moore, A., Phillippo, D., & Pincus, T. (2024). Antidepressants for pain management in adults with chronic pain: A networkmeta-analysis. Health Technology Assessment, 1–155. https://doi.org/10.3310/mkrt2948  

Birnie, K. A., Ouellette, C., Do Amaral, T., & Stinson, J. N. (2020). Mapping the evidence and gaps of interventions for pediatric chronic pain to inform policy, research, and practice: A systematic review and Quality Assessment of Systematic Reviews. Canadian Journal of Pain, 4(1), 129–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2020.1757384  

Checa-Peñalver, A., Lírio-Romero, C., Luiz Ferreira, E. A., Hernandes-Iglesias, S., García-Valdivieso, I., Pérez-Pozuelo, J. M., & Gómez-Cantarino, S. (2024). Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological         Interventions in the Management of Pediatric Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review. Children, 11(12),1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11121420

Chew, M. T., Chan, C., Kobayashi, S., Cheng, H. Y., Wong, T. M., & Nicholson, L. L. (2023). Online pain management programs for chronic, widespread musculoskeletal conditions: A systematic review with meta‐analysis. Pain Practice, 23(6), 664–683. https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.13227 

Frediani, J. K., Lal, A. A., Kim, E., Leslie, S. L., Boorman, D. W., & Singh, V. (2023). The role of diet and non‐pharmacologic supplements in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain: A systematic review. Pain    Practice, 24(1), 186–210. https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.13291  

Gnall, K. E., Sinnott, S. M., Laumann, L. E., Park, C. L., David, A., & Emrich, M. (2024). Changes in interoception in mind-body therapies for chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31(6), 833–847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-023 10249-z  

Jockers, Dr. (2024, October 6). Chronic pain: Root causes and natural support strategies. DrJockers.com. https://drjockers.com/chronic-pain/ 

Kendall, J. C., Vindigni, D., Polus, B. I., Azari, M. F., & Harman, S. C. (2020). Effects of manual therapies on stability in people with musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review. Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-020-0300-9

Øien, A. M., & Dragesund, T. (2022). Identifying contrasting embodied voices of identity: a qualitative meta     synthesis of experiences of change among patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain in long-term    physiotherapy. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 40(1), 42–55 https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2022.2100298

Papaconstantinou, E., Cancelliere, C., Verville, L., Wong, J. J., Connell, G., Yu, H., Shearer, H., Timperley, C., Chung, C., Porter, B. J., Myrtos, D., Barrigar, M., & Taylor-Vaisey, A. (2021). Effectiveness of non pharmacological interventions on sleep characteristics among adults with musculoskeletal pain and a comorbid sleep problem: A systematic review. Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-021-00381-6

Yan, B., Zhu, S., Wang, Y., Da, G., & Tian, G. (2020). Effect of acupuncture on chronic pain with depression: A systematic review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020(1).  https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7479459